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Kediri is an Indonesian city, located near the Brantas River in the province of East Java on the island of Java. Archaeological artefacts discovered in 2007 appeared to indicate that the region around Kediri may have been the location of the Kediri kingdom, a Hindu kingdom in the 11th century.〔(Kediri archeological discovery offers clues on ancient kingdom ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 24 March 2007.〕 The city is a major trade centre for the Indonesian sugar and cigarette industry.〔(Kediri ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.〕 ==History== The Brantas River valley was known as the site of classical Javanese culture, particularly between the 10th and 15th centuries. The town of Kediri was established by King Airlangga on the banks of the upper Brantas river in 1042. It was originally called Dahanapura or Daha. After the death of Airlangga his kingdom was divided into two parts: the kingdom of Panjalu in the west, and the kingdom of Janggala in the east. Daha became the capital of Panjalu, and later the capital of the Kediri kingdom. Over the centuries, control of the city passed to the Singhasari, Majapahit, Demak and Mataram kingdoms. The name "Kediri", or "Kadiri", is derived from the Sanskrit word ''Khadri'', meaning Indian Mulberry, indicative of the mulberry trees (locally known as ''pacé'' or ''mengkudu'') which grew in the area. After the era of the Javanese kingdoms, Kediri went into decline, becoming a small rural settlement, which was later annexed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as part of the Dutch conquest of Java. East Java in the 1740s was controlled by Cakraningrat IV, a Madurese regent who was favorably disposed toward the VOC, as he believed the Dutch would help him in securing the independence of Madura from the Kasunanan Kartasura kingdom. However, when his plans were rejected by the VOC, Cakraningrat rose against the Europeans. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by the VOC, assisted by two generals sent by Pakubuwana II, Sunan Kartasura. Kediri then became part of the VOC and remained under Dutch control until the independence of Indonesia in 1945.〔(History of Kediri by City Council )〕 Kediri began to flourish when the Dutch East Indies founded the autonomous ''Gemeente Kediri'' in 1906. ''Zelfstanding Gemeenteschap'' (self-government with full autonomy) was granted in 1928. During the Indonesian National Revolution in 1945–1949, Kediri became a target of General Sudirman's guerrilla campaign. In 1965, after the failed 30 September Movement coup, Kediri suffered terrible bloodshed in which thousands of people were killed. The Gudang Garam kretek tobacco industry was established in 1958 by Chinese Indonesian Tjoa Ing Hwie. He purchased vast lands in Kediri and established a kretek cigar factory. Today, Gudang Garam is the major employer of the city, with more than 40,000 workers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kediri, East Java」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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